Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (B-hCG):- Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a chemical created by trophoblast tissue, tissue typically found in early embryos and which will eventually be part of the placenta. Measuring hCG levels can be helpful in identifying a normal pregnancy, pathologic pregnancy, and can also be useful following an aborted pregnancy. Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP):- What do the results mean? If your results show high levels of AFP, it may confirm a diagnosis of liver cancer, or cancer of the ovaries or testicles. Sometimes, high levels of AFP can be a sign of other cancers, including Hodgkin disease and lymphoma, or noncancerous liver disorders. Estriol (E3):- Estriol (E3) is a dominant estrogen during pregnancy, and is secreted mainly by the placenta [1]. E3 tests of placental or feto-placental function are widely used in high-risk pregnancies to predict adverse fetal outcome.