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Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are a group of antibodies produced by an individuals system when it fails to adequately distinguish between self and nonself. These antibodies, referred to as autoantibodies, attack the bodys own healthy cells and cause signs and symptoms such as tissue and organ inflammation, joint and muscle pain, and fatigue. ANA specifically target substances found in the nucleus of a cell, hence the name antinuclear. The ANA test identifies the presence of these autoantibodies in the blood. The presence of ANA could also be a marker of an autoimmune process and is related to several autoimmune disease s but is most ordinarily seen with the autoimmune disorder systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The ANA test is one among the first tests for helping to diagnose a suspected autoimmune disease or ruling out other conditions with similar signs and symptoms. As such, its often followed by other tests for autoantibodies which will help to determine a diagnosis. These may include, for instance, an ENA panel, anti-dsDNA, anti-centromere and/or anti-histone test.
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