A barium swallow test can be used to identify issues with the upper gastrointestinal system such as swallowing issues esophageal obstructions and stomach ulcers. You will be given a special beverage containing barium to consume during this process while X-rays are being taken. This enables radiologists to produce a movie showing the passage of a liquid through the neck oesophagus and stomach. A barium swallow exam is often painless and comfortable.