Acid-fast bacillus (AFB) a bacteria that causes leprosy (a skin infection) tuberculosis (TB) and other chronic skin illnesses that plague persons with weakened immune systems can be accurately detected by culture AFB urine test. To determine whether the treatment is effective doctors also advise TB patients to undergo this test. You must gather your urine samples (50 ml of first-morning urine) and submit it for this risk-free and painless test. It is examined by lab technicians for microorganisms. If the test is positive you have active tuberculosis (TB) or a related infection. Antibiotics are used by doctors to begin the crucial treatment in this manner. Therefore seek medical attention if you have symptoms such as lethargy fever with chills a persistent cough etc.